三、名词的格
1、人称代词
英语中,人称代词有主格,宾格和所有格("的格")形式之分,而"的格"又有形容词和名词两种形式,即:I, me, my (mine),/ we, us, our (ours) / he , him, his (his) / she, her, her (hers) / they, them, their (theirs) / you, you, your (yours) / it, it, its (its) 这里就不详细讲解了。记住一点:形容词"的格"永远不能单独使用;名词"的格"永远是单独使用的。
实例:
Come if you like to see ______ painting. ______ very beautiful.
A. your / That's
B. her's / It's
C. hers / That's
D. his / It's
解题思路:根据形式和上述使用原则,B(形式错误),C(hers只能单独使用),故是错的。A逻辑不通,且使用不当,故正确答案只能是D
2、名词的所有格和双重所有格
英语中除了人称代词,其他名词没有主格和宾格之分。表示一个名词"…的"时,称为所有格,即"的格".英语中"的格"一般用介词"of "或名词后加"'"来表示,如:"学校的财产",原则上可以有两种表达方式:the property of the school或 the school's property.但是若用此表达"鲁迅的书" Luxun's book 或a book of Luxun时,便可能出现意义上的混淆,即,也可能是"一本关于鲁迅的书".因此,若要表示"鲁迅(拥有的)书"时,要表达为a book of Luxun's , 称为"双重所有格",即"of "与 "'"同时使用。
双重所有格除了以上用途外,还表示亲切,如:a friend of my father's比 my father's friend更显亲切。
解题思路:考试时如果你实在搞不清,应倾向选择有","的选项,如:
My wife bought me ______ at a ______ shop.
A. a piece of clothes / tailors
B. a new clothing / tailor
C. an article of clothing, tailor's
D. a piece of clothing, tailor's
解题思路:这道题考两个语法点:单位词和所有格。如果考生看不懂这个句子,一般应在C、D中选择,正确答案是C(一件衣服), "一块布"用a piece of cloth
3、反身代词-self /-selves
1) 反身代词-self /-selves不能脱离其主格或宾格单独使用,如不能说: The boss wanted to have a talk with herself.(老板想亲自和她谈谈。)→ The boss (himself) wanted to have a talk with her herself. 实际使用中很少会这样讲话。
2) 注意以下表达方式:
of one's own / to oneself 如:She wants to have a room of her own (to herself) (她想要一间属于自己的房间。)
on one's own 如:She wants to finish it on her own. (她想独立完成这项工作。)
by oneself, 如:She has been living by herself for three years.(她已单身生活了三年。)
以上讲了许多关于名词的数与格问题,内容似乎很多。但考试时,此类题目只占1-2题,复习时不要花费太多的时间。